As Montana heads into winter, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is urging residents to follow strict guidelines for open burning to prevent poor air quality caused by smoke trapped in mountain valleys during temperature inversions.
Open burning, defined as outdoor burning of materials like slash piles or yard waste, is closely regulated during winter months to minimize health and environmental impacts. Recreational fires, construction site heaters, and flares are not classified as open burning.
Western Burn Zone Requirements
Between December 1 and February 28, open burning in Montana’s western burn zone is allowed by permit only. This zone includes the following counties: Lincoln, Flathead, Sanders, Lake, Mineral, Missoula, Powell, Lewis & Clark, Ravalli, Granite, Deer Lodge, Silver Bow, Jefferson, Broadwater, Beaverhead, Madison, Gallatin, and Park (south of I-90).
To conduct a burn in this region:
- Submit a Wintertime Open Burning Request form by 4 p.m. for burns planned the following day.
- For weekend burns, submit requests by 3 p.m. on Friday.
- Burners will receive email notifications on approval based on air quality and forecasted ventilation rates.
Additional regulations may apply in specific counties, including Lewis and Clark, Yellowstone, Flathead, Missoula, Lincoln, and Cascade, as well as on tribal lands. Residents are advised to consult local air quality agencies before submitting a request.
Eastern Burn Zone Requirements
In the eastern burn zone, no permit is required during winter months, but burners must notify DEQ by phone at 406-444-3490 before ignition.
Prohibited Materials
Montana law restricts burning to clean, untreated wood and plant materials. Items such as food waste, plastics, treated or painted wood, dead animals, chemicals, and hazardous materials are strictly prohibited. A complete list of approved and prohibited materials is available on the DEQ website.
Additional Guidance
Residents are encouraged to:
- Contact local authorities before starting any fire to ensure compliance with local rules.
- Check the DEQ website at burnclosures.mt.gov for detailed information on open burning rules, permit applications, and frequently asked questions.
By adhering to these guidelines, Montanans can help protect public health and maintain air quality during the winter months.